CONSTITUTIONAL AND STATUTORY FRAMEWORK GOVERNING PATENT PROTECTION IN PAKISTAN: AN ANALYTICAL STUDY OF LEGAL PROVISIONS AND INTERNATIONAL OBLIGATIONS SINCE 2000

Abstract

This research analyses the constitutional and statutory basis of patent protection in Pakistan and its obligations under international treaties. The study aims to critically evaluate the consistency of Pakistan’s patent regime with international standards, to identify gaps in the legal framework, and to recommend reforms. The analysis covers core statutory provisions on patentability, rights conferred on patent holder, the enforcement mechanisms, and TRIPs flexibilities including compulsory licensing and parallel importation. The findings reveal that, although Pakistan has made considerable progress in updating its patent laws to meet international standards, there still remains shortcomings in the areas of enforcement, public health safeguards, and the accuracy of patentability criteria. The study recommends steered legal and institutional reforms, enhanced administrative capacity, and the adoption of international best practices to ensure that patent protection effectively promotes innovation while safeguarding public welfare.