EXAMINING THE EMPLOYABILITY OF UNIVERSITY GRADUATES IN PAKISTAN: A STUDY OF SKILLS AND COMPETENCIES

Abstract

This study investigated the employability of university graduates in Pakistan, examining the alignment between academic preparation and industry requirements. The research adopted a mixed-methods approach, collecting data from 500 graduates across ten major universities and 50 employers from various sectors. Findings revealed significant gaps between academic curricula and industry needs, with technical skills, communication abilities, and problem-solving capabilities emerging as critical factors influencing employability. Analysis indicated that 63% of graduates experienced challenges in securing relevant employment within six months of graduation, with notable variations across disciplines. Engineering and business graduates demonstrated higher employability rates compared to humanities and social sciences. Employer feedback emphasized the importance of practical experience, digital literacy, and soft skills, with 72% expressing dissatisfaction with graduates' work-readiness. The study highlights the need for curriculum reforms, industry-academia partnerships, and targeted skill development programs to enhance graduate employability in Pakistan's evolving job market. Results provide valuable insights for educational institutions, policymakers, and students in addressing the skills gap and improving employment outcomes in the Pakistani context.