THE INTERSECTION OF SUPERSTITIONS AND MENTAL HEALTH: HOW BELIEFS SHAPE PSYCHOLOGICAL WELL-BEING IN PAKISTAN

Abstract

Background: Superstitions exist in multiple cultures, and affect individuals somehow. Some of these beliefs can help people cope, but excessive dependency on them can be detrimental to one’s psyche’s wellbeing, especially in cultures where such beliefs control everyday activities. However, there is hardly any empirical work done on the interaction between superstition, stress, and mental health in Pakistan.

Aim: The current study was conducted to understand the effect superstitious beliefs have on one’s mental health and within this context, understanding if perceived stress acts as a mediator between these two variables.

Method: The researchers used a cross-sectional approach and collected quantitative data from a sample of 300 participants from five large cities in Pakistan through purposive sampling. Participants completed set questionnaires, which included Revised Paranormal Belief  Scale (RPBS), General Health Questionnaire-12 (GHQ-12), and Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10). Analyses were done on the collected data using Pearson correlation, linear regression and mediation analysis on SPSS Version 28.

Results: Beliefs in superstitions were significantly related to higher perceived stress (r = .61, p < .001) and to poorer mental health (r = .67, p < .001). The regression analysis indicates that superstitions (β = -.374, p < .001) and perceived stress (β = -.412, p < .001) both  significantly predicted mental health status. The mediation testing demonstrated that perceived stress partially mediated the effect of superstition on mental health (indirect effect: β = -.279, p < .001). 

Conclusion: The negative influence of superstitious beliefs on mental health was evident, while stress perceived fabricated a mediation effect. Culturally sensitive approaches that address the stress associated with superstitions may enhance mental health. More longitudinal research is needed to understand the patterns of causality.