DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF GRIT SCALE IN URDU LANGUAGE FOR ADULTS

Abstract

The objective of the study was to develop and validate a grit scale in the Urdu language. A cross-sectional survey research design and purposive sampling technique were used. Data was collected from Central Punjab, Pakistan, from February 2022 to December 2023. The grit scale was based on six factors including Perseverance of Effort, Steadfastness in Adverse Situations, Perseverance-Commitment, Adaptability to New Situations, Spirited Initiative, and Consistency of Interest. Initially, 73 statements were developed using both inductive and deductive approaches. After expert evaluation, 70 out of 73 items were selected. A pilot study further reduced the scale to 62 items. For the exploratory factor, data was collected using a self-reported questionnaire from 600 participants. The Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure of Sampling Adequacy (KMO) and Bartlett's Test of Sphericity showed acceptable values above 0.6, indicating the sampling adequacy of the Grit Scale. The KMO value of the grit scale was 0.969. Further, for confirmatory factor analysis data was collected again from 802 participants, and the CFI was 0.942, both with significant p-values of less than 0.01. The results indicated appropriate model fit indices for a significant model fit. The grit scale demonstrated high reliability, with a Cronbach's alpha of 0.942 at a p < 0.001 level of significance. After all analyses, 20 reliable and valid items were retained in the scale.